000			02840nam a22002417a 4500
003			MN-UlNLM
005			20230324094243.0
008			230206s2001 enk||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020			_a9780192893307
040			_aМонгол Улсын Үндэсний номын сан
084			_2NNA _a66.4(0) _bS 47 _q66
100	1		_aSen Amartya
245	0		_aDevelopment as freedom
260	1		_aOxford _bOxford University Press _c2001
300			_a366p
500			_aAmartya Sen was the winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Economics.[1] Development as Freedom was published one year later and argues that development entails a set of linked freedoms: political freedoms and transparency in relations between people freedom of opportunity, including freedom to access credit; and economic protection from abject poverty, including through income supplements and unemployment relief. Poverty is characterized by lack of at least one freedom (Sen uses the term unfreedom for lack of freedom), including a de facto lack of political rights and choice, vulnerability to coercive relations, and exclusion from economic choices and protections. Based on these ethical considerations, Sen argues that development cannot be reduced to simply increasing basic incomes, nor to rising average per capita incomes. Rather, it requires a package of overlapping mechanisms that progressively enable the exercise of a growing range of freedoms. A central idea of the book is that freedom is both the end and a means to development. A key observation in this book is that, "no famine has ever taken place in a functioning democracy." Canadian social scientist Lars Osberg wrote about the book: "Although Development as Freedom covers immense territory, it is subtle and nuanced and its careful scholarship is manifest at every turn."[3] Kenneth Arrow concluded "In this book, Amartya Sen develops elegantly, compactly, and yet broadly the concept that economic development is in its nature an increase in freedom."
546			_aEnglish
653			_aУлс төр _aХувь хүний ​​эрх чөлөө _aЯдуурал ба өлсгөлөн _aХүний эрх _aЭрх чөлөө ба шударга ёсны үндэс _aАрдчилал
740			_aList of Illustrations _aPreface _aIntroduction： Development as Freedom _a1. The Perspective of Freedom _a2. The ends and the Means of Developmen _a3. Freedom and the Foundations of Justice _a4. Poverty as Capability Deprivation _a5. Markets, States, and Social Opportunity _a6. The Importance of Democracy _a7. Famines and Other Crises _a8. Women's Agency and Social Change _a9. Population, Food and Freedom _a10. Culture and Human Rights _a11. Social Choice and Individual Behavior _a12. Individual Freedom as a Social Commitment
856			_aprintbook
942			_cBK
999			_c609542 _d609599